Zowopsa za mabatire a zinyalala ndi ziti?Kodi chingachitike ndi chiyani kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa mabatire?

Zowopsa za mabatire a zinyalala ndi ziti?Kodi chingachitike ndi chiyani kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa mabatire?

Malingana ndi deta, batri imodzi ya batani ikhoza kuipitsa malita 600000 a madzi, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi munthu kwa moyo wonse.Ngati gawo la batire la nambala 1 litaponyedwa m'munda momwe zimabzalidwa mbewu, mtunda wa sikweya mita imodzi mozungulira batire lotayirirali likhala lopanda kanthu.Chifukwa chiyani zidakhala chonchi?Chifukwa mabatire otayikawa amakhala ndi zitsulo zambiri zolemera.Mwachitsanzo: zinki, lead, cadmium, mercury, ndi zina zotero. Zitsulo zolemerazi zimaloŵa m’madzi ndipo zimatengedwa ndi nsomba ndi mbewu.Ngati anthu adya nsomba zoipitsidwazi, shrimp ndi mbewu, adzadwala poizoni wa Mercury komanso matenda apakati a mitsempha, omwe amafa mpaka 40%.Cadmium imadziwika kuti Class 1A Carcinogen.

Mabatire a zinyalala amakhala ndi zitsulo zolemera monga mercury, cadmium, manganese, ndi lead.Pamene pamwamba pa mabatire ndi dzimbiri chifukwa cha kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi mvula, zolemera zitsulo zigawo zikuluzikulu mkati adzalowa mu nthaka ndi pansi.Ngati anthu adya mbewu zomwe zatulutsidwa m'malo oipitsidwa kapena kumwa madzi oipitsidwa, zitsulo zolemera zapoizonizi zimalowa m'thupi la munthu ndikuziyika pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zingawononge thanzi la munthu.

Pambuyo pa mercury mu mabatire a zinyalala, ngati ilowa mu ubongo wa munthu, dongosolo la mitsempha lidzawonongeka kwambiri.Cadmium imatha kuwononga chiwindi ndi impso, ndipo zikavuta kwambiri, kuwonongeka kwa mafupa.Mabatire ena otaya zinyalala alinso ndi asidi ndi heavy metal lead, zomwe zingayambitse kuipitsidwa kwa nthaka ndi madzi ngati kutayikira m'chilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ngozi kwa anthu.
Njira yochizira batri

1. Gulu
Gwirani batire ya zinyalala zobwezerezedwanso, vula chipolopolo cha zinki ndi chitsulo chapansi cha batire, chotsani chipewa chamkuwa ndi ndodo ya graphite, ndipo chinthu chakuda chotsalira ndikusakaniza kwa Manganese dioxide ndi ammonium chloride yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko a batri.Sonkhanitsani zinthu zomwe zili pamwambazi padera ndikuzikonza kuti mupeze zofunikira.Ndodo ya graphite imatsukidwa, zouma, ndiyeno zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati electrode.

2. Zinc granulation
Tsukani chipolopolo cha zinki chovumbulutsidwa ndikuchiyika mumphika wachitsulo.Litenthetseni kuti lisungunuke ndikutentha kwa maola awiri.Chotsani kumtunda kwa zipsera, kutsanulira kuti zizizire, ndikuziponya pazitsulo zachitsulo.Pambuyo kulimbitsa, zinc particles zimapezeka.

3. Kubwezeretsanso mapepala amkuwa
Pambuyo flattening kapu yamkuwa, sambani ndi madzi otentha, ndiyeno onjezerani 10% sulfuric acid kuwira kwa mphindi 30 kuchotsa pamwamba oxide wosanjikiza.Chotsani, sambani, ndi kuumitsa kuti mupeze chingwe chamkuwa.

4. Kubwezeretsa ammonium kolorayidi
Ikani chinthu chakuda mu silinda, onjezerani madzi ofunda a 60oC ndikugwedeza kwa ola limodzi kuti musungunule ammonium chloride m'madzi.Chisiyeni icho chiyime nji, sefa, ndi kutsuka zotsalira za fyuluta kawiri, ndi kutolera chakumwa cha mayi;Chakumwa cha mayi chikatha ndi Vacuum distillation mpaka filimu yoyera ya krustalo ikuwonekera pamwamba, imazirala ndikusefedwa kuti ipeze makhiristo a ammonium chloride, ndipo chakumwa cha mayiyo chimasinthidwanso.

5. Kuchira kwa Manganese dioxide
Sambani zotsalira zosefedwa ndi madzi katatu, sefa, ikani keke ya fyuluta mumphika ndikuwotcha kuti muchotse mpweya pang'ono ndi zinthu zina zamoyo, kenaka muyike m'madzi ndikugwedeza kwathunthu kwa mphindi 30, sefa, Wunikani keke ya fyuluta pa 100-110oC kuti mupeze wakuda wa Manganese dioxide.

6. Kukhazikika, kuikidwa m'manda mozama, ndi kusunga m'migodi yomwe inasiyidwa
Mwachitsanzo, fakitale ina ku France imatulutsa faifi tambala ndi cadmium, zomwe pambuyo pake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo, pamene cadmium amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga mabatire.Mabatire otsala a zinyalala nthawi zambiri amasamutsidwira kumalo otayirako zinyalala zapadera komanso Zowopsa, koma mchitidwewu sumangowononga ndalama zambiri, komanso umayambitsa zinyalala, chifukwa pali zinthu zambiri zothandiza zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zopangira.


Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-07-2023
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