Mabatire a alkaline adakhudza kwambiri mphamvu zosunthika pomwe adawonekera chapakati pazaka za zana la 20. Kupanga kwawo, komwe kunatchedwa Lewis Urry m'zaka za m'ma 1950, kunayambitsa mankhwala a zinc-manganese dioxide omwe amapereka moyo wautali komanso kudalirika kwambiri kuposa mitundu yakale ya batri. Pofika m'zaka za m'ma 1960, mabatirewa adakhala zofunikira zapakhomo, akuyendetsa chirichonse kuchokera kumatochi mpaka mawailesi. Masiku ano, mayunitsi opitilira mabiliyoni a 10 amapangidwa chaka chilichonse, kukwaniritsa kufunikira kwa mayankho ogwira mtima. Malo opangira zida zapamwamba padziko lonse lapansi amaonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino, zokhala ndi zinthu monga zinki ndi manganese dioxide zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuchita kwawo.

Zofunika Kwambiri

• Mabatire amchere, opangidwa ndi Lewis Urry m'zaka za m'ma 1950, adasintha mphamvu zosunthika ndi moyo wawo wautali komanso kudalirika poyerekeza ndi mabatire akale.
• Kupanga kwapadziko lonse kwa mabatire a alkaline kumakhazikika m'maiko ngati United States, Japan, ndi China, kuwonetsetsa kutulutsa kwapamwamba kwambiri kuti kukwaniritse zosowa za ogula.
• Zida zofunika monga zinki, manganese dioxide, ndi potaziyamu hydroxide ndizofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa mabatire amchere, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi yakuthupi kumawonjezera mphamvu zawo.
• Njira zamakono zopangira zimagwiritsa ntchito makina kuti apititse patsogolo kulondola komanso kuthamanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabatire azikhala nthawi yayitali komanso kuchita bwino kuposa omwe adawatsogolera.
• Mabatire a alkaline satha kubwezanso ndipo ndi oyenerera bwino pazida zotsika mpaka zochepera, zomwe zimawapanga kukhala chisankho chothandiza pazinthu zapakhomo za tsiku ndi tsiku.
• Kukhazikika kwakhala kofunika kwambiri pamakampani opanga mabatire amchere, pomwe opanga akutenga machitidwe ndi zida zokomera zachilengedwe kuti akwaniritse zomwe ogula amakonda.
• Kusungidwa koyenera ndi kutaya mabatire a alkaline kumatha kukulitsa moyo wawo wa alumali ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, ndikuwunikira kufunikira kogwiritsa ntchito moyenera.

Mbiri Yakale ya Mabatire a Alkaline

Kupangidwa kwa Mabatire a Alkaline

Nkhani ya mabatire a alkaline idayamba ndi kupangidwa kowopsa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1950.Lewis Urry, katswiri wa zamagetsi wa ku Canada, anapanga batire yoyamba ya zinc-manganese dioxide yamchere. Zatsopano zake zidakhudza kufunikira kofunikira kwa magwero amphamvu okhalitsa komanso odalirika. Mosiyana ndi mabatire akale, omwe nthawi zambiri amalephera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza, kapangidwe ka Urry kamapereka magwiridwe antchito apamwamba. Kupita patsogolo kumeneku kunalimbikitsa kusintha kwa zida zonyamulika, zomwe zapangitsa kuti zinthu zizipanga zinthu monga tochi, mawailesi, ndi zoseweretsa.

In 1959, mabatire a alkaline adayamba pamsika. Mawu oyamba awo adasintha kwambiri ntchito yamagetsi. Ogula adazindikira mwachangu kutsika mtengo kwawo komanso kuchita bwino. Mabatirewa sanangotenga nthawi yayitali komanso ankapereka mphamvu zoyendera. Kudalirika kumeneku kunawapangitsa kukhala okondedwa pompopompo pakati pa mabanja ndi mabizinesi momwemo.

"Batire ya alkaline ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zikupita patsogolo kwambiri pamagetsi osunthika," adatero Urry ali moyo wake. Kupanga kwake kunayala maziko aukadaulo wamakono wa batri, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale zatsopano zambiri pamagetsi ogula.

Kupanga Koyambirira ndi Kulera

Kupanga koyambirira kwa mabatire a alkaline kumayang'ana kwambiri pakukwaniritsa kufunikira kwamphamvu kwamagetsi osunthika. Opanga amaika patsogolo kukulitsa zopanga kuti zitsimikizire kupezeka kofalikira. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1960, mabatirewa anali atakhala zinthu zapakhomo. Kukhoza kwawo kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana kunapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunika kwambiri pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku.

Panthawi imeneyi, makampani adayika ndalama zambiri pakuyenga njira zopangira. Amafuna kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito komanso kukhazikika kwa mabatire a alkaline. Kudzipereka kumeneku ku khalidwe kunathandiza kwambiri kuti atengedwe mwamsanga. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka khumi, mabatire a alkaline anali atadzipanga okha kukhala njira yabwino kwa ogula padziko lonse lapansi.

Kupambana kwa mabatire a alkaline kunakhudzanso chitukuko chamagetsi ogula. Zipangizo zomwe zimadalira mphamvu zonyamulika zinakhala zapamwamba kwambiri komanso zopezeka. Ubale wa symbiotic uwu pakati pa mabatire ndi zamagetsi udayendetsa zatsopano m'mafakitale onse awiri. Masiku ano, mabatire a alkaline amakhalabe mwala wapangodya wamayankho amagetsi onyamula, chifukwa cha mbiri yawo yolemera komanso kudalirika kotsimikizika.

Kodi Mabatire A Alkaline Amapangidwa Kuti Masiku Ano?

Maiko Akuluakulu Opanga

Mabatire a alkaline opangidwa lero amachokera ku malo osiyanasiyana opanga padziko lonse lapansi. United States imatsogolera kupanga ndi makampani monga Energizer ndi Duracell omwe amagwira ntchito zapamwamba. Opanga awa amatsimikizira zotulutsa zapamwamba kuti zikwaniritse zofuna zapakhomo ndi zapadziko lonse lapansi. Japan imachitanso gawo lalikulu, pomwe Panasonic ikuthandizira pazakudya zapadziko lonse lapansi kudzera m'mafakitole ake apamwamba kwambiri. South Korea ndiChina yakhala ikusewera kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo zamafakitale kuti apange mabuku ambiri moyenera.

Ku Ulaya, mayiko monga Poland ndi Czech Republic akhala malo otchuka opangira zinthu. Malo awo abwino amalola kufalitsa mosavuta kontinenti yonse. Mayiko omwe akutukuka ngati Brazil ndi Argentina akulowanso msika, kuyang'ana kwambiri zomwe zikufunika madera. Netiweki yapadziko lonse lapansi iyi imatsimikizira kuti mabatire a alkaline azikhala opezeka kwa ogula padziko lonse lapansi.

"Kupangidwa kwa mabatire a alkaline padziko lonse lapansi kumawonetsa kulumikizidwa kwa zinthu zamakono," akatswiri amakampani amatero nthawi zambiri. Kusiyanasiyana kumeneku m'malo opangirako kumalimbitsa njira zogulitsira komanso kumathandizira kupezeka kosasintha.

Zinthu Zomwe Zimakhudza Malo Opangira

Zinthu zingapo zimatsimikizira komwe mabatire a alkaline amapangidwira. Zomangamanga za mafakitale zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Mayiko omwe ali ndi luso lapamwamba lopanga zinthu, monga United States, Japan, ndi South Korea, ndiwo amalamulira msika. Mayikowa amaika ndalama zambiri muukadaulo ndi makina opanga makina, kuwonetsetsa kuti njira zopangira zikuyenda bwino.

Ndalama zogwirira ntchito zimakhudzanso malo opangira.China, mwachitsanzo, imapindulakuchokera pakuphatikiza ntchito zaluso komanso ntchito zotsika mtengo. Ubwinowu umalola opanga aku China kupikisana pazabwino komanso mtengo. Kuyandikira kwa zida zopangira ndi chinthu china chofunikira. Zinc ndi manganese dioxide, zigawo zofunika za mabatire a alkaline, zimapezeka mosavuta m'madera ena, kuchepetsa ndalama zoyendera.

Ndondomeko za boma ndi mgwirizano wamalonda umakhudzanso zisankho zopanga. Maiko omwe amapereka zolimbikitsa zamisonkho kapena zothandizira amakopa opanga omwe akufuna kukulitsa mtengo. Kuonjezera apo, malamulo a chilengedwe amakhudza kumene mafakitale amakhazikitsidwa. Mayiko omwe ali ndi mfundo zokhwima nthawi zambiri amafunikira matekinoloje apamwamba kuti achepetse zinyalala komanso kutulutsa mpweya.

Kuphatikizana kumeneku kumatsimikizira kuti mabatire a alkaline opangidwa kumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi amakwaniritsa zosowa zosiyanasiyana za ogula. Kugawidwa kwapadziko lonse kwa malo opangira zinthu kumawonetsa kusinthika kwamakampani ndikudzipereka pakupanga zatsopano.

Zipangizo ndi Njira Zopangira Battery ya Alkaline

Zida Zofunika Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito

Mabatire amchere amadalira zinthu zosankhidwa bwino kuti zipereke ntchito yawo yodalirika. Zigawo zikuluzikulu zikuphatikizapozinki, manganese dioxide,ndipotaziyamu hydroxide. Zinc imagwira ntchito ngati anode, pomwe manganese dioxide amagwira ntchito ngati cathode. Potaziyamu hydroxide imagwira ntchito ngati electrolyte, imathandizira kutuluka kwa ayoni pakati pa anode ndi cathode panthawi yogwira ntchito. Zidazi zimasankhidwa chifukwa chokhoza kusunga mphamvu zambiri ndikusunga bata pansi pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana.

Opanga nthawi zambiri amakulitsa kusakaniza kwa cathode mwa kuphatikiza mpweya. Kuphatikiza uku kumapangitsa kuti batire lizigwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti lizigwira ntchito bwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoyeretsedwa kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti pakhale chiwopsezo chocheperako ndikuwonjezera moyo wa alumali wa batri. Mabatire apamwamba a alkaline opangidwa masiku ano amakhalanso ndi zida zokongoletsedwa bwino, zomwe zimawalola kusunga mphamvu zambiri komanso kukhala nthawi yayitali kuposa mitundu yakale.

Kupeza zinthuzi kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga. Zinc ndi manganese dioxide amapezeka kwambiri, kuwapangitsa kukhala zosankha zotsika mtengo pakupanga kwakukulu. Komabe, mtundu wa zida izi zimakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito a batri. Opanga otsogola amaika patsogolo kupeza kuchokera kwa ogulitsa odalirika kuti akhalebe abwino.

Njira Yopangira

Kupanga mabatire a alkaline kumaphatikizapo njira zolondola zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zitsimikizire kuti zimagwira ntchito bwino komanso zodalirika. Njirayi imayamba ndi kukonzekera kwa anode ndi cathode zipangizo. Zinc ufa amakonzedwa kuti apange anode, pamene manganese dioxide amasakanikirana ndi carbon kuti apange cathode. Zidazi zimapangidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi kapangidwe ka batri.

Kenako, njira ya electrolyte, yopangidwa ndi potaziyamu hydroxide, imakonzedwa. Njirayi imayesedwa mosamala ndikuwonjezedwa ku batri kuti ilole kuyenda kwa ion. Gawo la msonkhano limatsatira, pomwe anode, cathode, ndi electrolyte zimaphatikizidwa mubokosi losindikizidwa. Chophimba ichi nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo, chomwe chimapatsa mphamvu komanso chitetezo kuzinthu zakunja.

Makina ochita kupanga amathandizira kwambiri pakupanga mabatire amakono. Mizere yodzipangira yokha, monga yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Johnson New Eletek Battery Co., Ltd., imatsimikizira kulondola komanso kusasinthika. Mizere iyi imagwira ntchito monga kusakaniza zinthu, kusonkhanitsa, ndi kuwongolera khalidwe. Makina apamwamba amachepetsa zolakwika za anthu ndikuwonjezera liwiro lopanga.

Kuwongolera zabwino ndiye gawo lomaliza komanso lofunikira kwambiri. Batire iliyonse imayesedwa mwamphamvu kuti itsimikizire momwe imagwirira ntchito komanso chitetezo chake. Opanga amayesa zinthu monga kutulutsa mphamvu, kukana kutayikira, komanso kulimba. Mabatire okhawo omwe amakwaniritsa miyezo yokhazikika amapitilira kulongedza ndikugawa.

Kuwongolera kosalekeza kwa njira zopangira zinthu kwadzetsa kupita patsogolo kwakukulu muukadaulo wa batri ya alkaline. Ofufuza apanga njira zowonjezera mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu ndikuwonjezera moyo wozungulira, kuonetsetsa kuti mabatire a alkaline amakhalabe chisankho chodalirika kwa ogula padziko lonse lapansi.

Kusintha kwa Alkaline Battery Production

Kupita Patsogolo Kwaukadaulo

Kupanga mabatire a alkaline kwasintha modabwitsa m'zaka zapitazi. Ndawona momwe kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kumapitilira malire a zomwe mabatirewa angakwanitse. Zopangira zakale zimayang'ana kwambiri magwiridwe antchito, koma zatsopano zasintha momwe zimagwirira ntchito komanso magwiridwe antchito.

Chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zowonjezera za cathode. Opanga tsopano akuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa kaboni mumtundu wa cathode. Kusintha kumeneku kumawonjezera ma conductivity, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabatire azikhala ndi moyo wautali komanso mphamvu zamagetsi. Kupita patsogolo kumeneku sikumangokwaniritsa zofuna za ogula komanso kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa msika.

Chinthu chinanso chofunika kwambiri chagona pa kukhathamiritsa kwa kachulukidwe ka mphamvu. Mabatire amakono a alkaline amasunga mphamvu zambiri m'miyeso yaying'ono, kuwapanga kukhala abwino pazida zophatikizika. Ofufuza asinthanso moyo wa alumali wa mabatirewa. Masiku ano, amatha kukhala zaka khumi popanda kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito, kuonetsetsa kudalirika kwa kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali.

Makinawa atenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuyenga zopangira. Mizere yodzipangira yokha, monga ya Johnson New Eletek Battery Co., Ltd., imatsimikizira kulondola komanso kusasinthika. Machitidwewa amachepetsa zolakwika ndikuwonjezera liwiro la kupanga, zomwe zimapangitsa opanga kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zapadziko lonse lapansi moyenera.

"Kutuluka kwaukadaulo watsopano wa batri ya alkaline kumapereka mwayi waukulu komanso mwayi wopanga mabatire," malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa. Kupita patsogolo kumeneku sikumangosintha momwe timagwiritsira ntchito mabatire komanso kumathandizira kupita patsogolo kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ndi kuyika magetsi.

Global Trends mu Viwanda

Makampani opanga mabatire a alkaline akupitilizabe kusinthika potengera zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi. Ndawona kutsindika kokulirapo pa kukhazikika komanso udindo wa chilengedwe. Opanga akugwiritsa ntchito njira zokometsera zachilengedwe, monga kuchepetsa zinyalala panthawi yopanga komanso kutulutsa zinthu moyenera. Zoyesayesa izi zimagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe ogula amakonda pazinthu zokhazikika.

Kufunika kwa mabatire ochita bwino kwambiri kwakhudzanso machitidwe amakampani. Ogwiritsa amayembekeza mabatire omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali komanso amagwira ntchito mosasinthasintha. Chiyembekezo ichi chapangitsa opanga kupanga ndalama mu kafukufuku ndi chitukuko. Zatsopano mu sayansi yakuthupi ndi njira zopangira zimatsimikizira kuti mabatire amchere amakhalabe opikisana pamsika.

Kudalirana kwapadziko lonse kwasintha kwambiri makampani. Malo opanga zinthu m'maiko monga United States, Japan, ndi China ndi omwe amatsogolera kupanga. Maderawa amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba komanso ogwira ntchito aluso kuti apange mabatire apamwamba kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, misika yomwe ikubwera ku South America ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia ikukulirakulira, kuyang'ana pakufunika kwa zigawo komanso kukwanitsa.

Kuphatikizidwa kwa mabatire a alkaline m'machitidwe amagetsi ongowonjezwdwa kukuwonetsa njira ina yofunika kwambiri. Kudalirika kwawo komanso kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwamagetsi kumawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosunga zobwezeretsera ndikugwiritsa ntchito popanda gridi. Pamene kutengera mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa kukukula, mabatire a alkaline amatenga gawo lofunikira pothandizira machitidwewa.

Mabatire amchere apanga momwe timapangira zida zamagetsi, zomwe zimapereka kudalirika komanso kusinthasintha kuyambira pomwe zidapangidwa. Kupanga kwawo kwapadziko lonse lapansi kumafikira malo akuluakulu ku United States, Asia, ndi Europe, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ogula kulikonse atha kupezeka. Kusintha kwa zinthu monga zinki ndi manganese dioxide, kuphatikizidwa ndi njira zopangira zotsogola, kwawonjezera magwiridwe antchito awo komanso moyo wautali. Mabatirewa amakhalabe ofunikira chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zawo, nthawi yayitali ya alumali, komanso kuthekera kogwira ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana. Pamene teknoloji ikupita patsogolo, ndikukhulupirira kuti mabatire a alkaline adzapitirizabe kukwaniritsa kufunikira kowonjezereka kwa mayankho ogwira mtima komanso okhazikika.

FAQ

Kodi ndingasunge mabatire amchere mpaka liti?

Mabatire amchere, omwe amadziwika ndi moyo wawo wautali wa alumali, amatha kusungidwa kwa zaka 5 mpaka 10 popanda kutaya kwakukulu. Chikhalidwe chawo chosasinthika chimatsimikizira kuti amasunga mphamvu moyenera pakapita nthawi. Kuti muwonjezere moyo wosungirako, ndikupangira kuwasunga pamalo ozizira, owuma kutali ndi dzuwa kapena kutentha kwambiri.

Kodi mabatire a alkaline amachatsidwanso?

Ayi, mabatire a alkaline sangabwerenso. Kuyesera kuwawonjezera kungayambitse kutayikira kapena kuwonongeka. Pazosankha zomwe zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito, ndikupangira kuti mufufuze mitundu ya batri yowonjezedwanso ngati nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) kapena mabatire a lithiamu-ion, omwe amapangidwira kuzungulira kangapo.

Ndi zida ziti zomwe zimagwira bwino ntchito ndi mabatire a alkaline?

Mabatire a alkaline amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pazida zochepera mpaka zochepera. Izi ndi monga zowongolera zakutali, tochi, mawotchi apakhoma, ndi zoseweretsa. Pazida zotayira kwambiri monga makamera a digito kapena owongolera masewera, ndikupangira kugwiritsa ntchito lithiamu kapena mabatire otha kuwonjezeredwa kuti agwire bwino ntchito.

Chifukwa chiyani mabatire a alkaline nthawi zina amawuka?

Kutayikira kwa batri kumachitika pamene mankhwala amkati achitapo kanthu chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, kuthira madzi ambiri, kapena kusungidwa kosayenera. Izi zimatha kuyambitsa potaziyamu hydroxide, electrolyte, kutuluka. Pofuna kupewa kutayikira, ndikulangiza kuchotsa mabatire pazida zomwe sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali ndikupewa kusakaniza mabatire akale ndi atsopano.

Kodi ndingatayire bwanji mabatire a alkaline mosamala?

M'madera ambiri, mabatire a alkaline amatha kutayidwa ndi zinyalala zapakhomo nthawi zonse chifukwa alibenso mercury. Komabe, ndimalimbikitsa kuyang'ana malamulo akumaloko, popeza madera ena amapereka mapulogalamu obwezeretsanso mabatire. Kubwezeretsanso kumathandizira kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndikuthandizira machitidwe okhazikika.

Nchiyani chimapangitsa mabatire a alkaline kukhala osiyana ndi mitundu ina?

Mabatire amchere amagwiritsa ntchito zinc ndi manganese dioxide monga zida zawo zazikulu, ndi potaziyamu hydroxide monga electrolyte. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapereka mphamvu zochulukirapo komanso moyo wautali wautali poyerekeza ndi mitundu yakale ya batri ngati zinc-carbon. Kutsika kwawo komanso kudalirika kumawapangitsa kukhala chisankho chodziwika bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kodi mabatire amchere angagwiritsidwe ntchito potentha kwambiri?

Mabatire amchere amagwira bwino ntchito mkati mwa kutentha kwapakati pa 0°F mpaka 130°F (-18°C mpaka 55°C). Kuzizira kwambiri kumatha kuchepetsa ntchito yawo, pomwe kutentha kwambiri kungayambitse kutayikira. Pazida zomwe zimakumana ndi zovuta, ndikupangira mabatire a lithiamu, omwe amawongolera kutentha kwambiri.

Kodi ndingadziwe bwanji ngati batire ya alkaline ikufunika kusinthidwa?

Chipangizo chopangidwa ndi mabatire a alkaline nthawi zambiri chimawonetsa zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito, monga magetsi amdima kapena kugwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono, mabatire akatsala pang'ono kutha. Kugwiritsa ntchito choyezera batire kungapereke njira yachangu komanso yolondola yowonera mtengo wawo wotsalira.

Kodi pali njira zina zogwiritsira ntchito zachilengedwe m'malo mwa mabatire a alkaline?

Inde, mabatire omwe amatha kuchangidwanso ngati NiMH ndi lithiamu-ion ndiwosankha bwino zachilengedwe. Amachepetsa zinyalala polola ntchito zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, opanga ena tsopano akupanga mabatire amchere omwe ali ndi vuto lochepa la chilengedwe, monga opangidwa ndi zinthu zobwezerezedwanso kapena zotsika za carbon.

Kodi nditani ngati batire ya alkaline yatha?

Ngati batire ikutha, ndikupangira kuvala magolovesi kuti muyeretse malo okhudzidwa ndi madzi osakaniza ndi vinyo wosasa kapena madzi a mandimu. Izi neutralizes zinthu zamchere. Tayani batire lowonongeka bwino ndikuonetsetsa kuti chipangizocho chatsukidwa bwino musanayike mabatire atsopano.