Mabatire a alkaline amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zambirimbiri zomwe mumadalira tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuyambira zowongolera kutali mpaka ma tochi, amaonetsetsa kuti zida zanu zikugwira ntchito nthawi yomwe mukuzifuna kwambiri. Kudalirika kwawo komanso magwiridwe antchito ake okhalitsa zimapangitsa kuti zikhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri m'mabanja ndi m'mafakitale. Kumbuyo kwa zinthu zofunikazi kuli ena mwa opanga mabatire otsogola padziko lonse lapansi, omwe amalimbikitsa luso komanso khalidwe kuti akwaniritse zosowa zapadziko lonse lapansi. Kumvetsetsa zomwe amapereka kumakuthandizani kuyamikira ukadaulo womwe umasunga zida zanu zikugwira ntchito bwino.

Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri

• Duracell ndi Energizer ndi atsogoleri padziko lonse lapansi pankhani ya mabatire a alkaline, odziwika chifukwa cha kudalirika kwawo komanso kupezeka kwawo pamsika waukulu.
• Mabatire a Evolta a Panasonic amapereka mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale abwino kwambiri pazida zotulutsa madzi ambiri.
• Rayovac imapereka mabatire otsika mtengo popanda kusokoneza ubwino wake, zomwe zimakopa makasitomala omwe amasamala kwambiri bajeti yawo.
• Kusunga zinthu moyenera ndi chinthu chomwe chikukulirakulira, ndipo makampani monga Energizer ndi Panasonic akugwiritsa ntchito njira zosamalira chilengedwe komanso zopakira zinthu zomwe zingabwezeretsedwenso.
• Zatsopano muukadaulo wa mabatire, monga mapangidwe osatulutsa madzi komanso kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, zimawonjezera magwiridwe antchito ndi chitetezo.
• Kumvetsetsa mphamvu za opanga osiyanasiyana kumakuthandizani kusankha batire yoyenera zosowa zanu, ndikutsimikizira kuti chipangizocho chikugwira ntchito bwino.
• Kuthandiza makampani pogwiritsa ntchito njira zokhazikika kumathandiza kuti tsogolo lanu likhale lokongola komanso kukwaniritsa zosowa zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku za mphamvu.

Opanga Mabatire Apamwamba Padziko Lonse

Duracell

Chidule cha mbiri ya Duracell ndi kupezeka kwake pamsika

Duracell ndi imodzi mwa makampani opanga mabatire amchere odziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi. Kampaniyo inayamba ulendo wake m'zaka za m'ma 1920, ndipo inasanduka dzina lodalirika la mayankho odalirika amagetsi. Kapangidwe kake kodziwika bwino ka mkuwa kamayimira kulimba komanso khalidwe labwino. Mutha kupeza zinthu za Duracell m'maiko opitilira 140, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale mtsogoleri padziko lonse lapansi mumakampani opanga mabatire. Kudzipereka kwa kampaniyo pakupanga zinthu zatsopano komanso kukhutiritsa makasitomala kwalimbitsa mbiri yake kwa zaka zambiri.

Zinthu zazikulu ndi zatsopano

Duracell imapereka mabatire osiyanasiyana opangidwa kuti akwaniritse zosowa zanu. Mndandanda wa Duracell Optimum umapereka magwiridwe antchito abwino, kuonetsetsa kuti zipangizo zanu zimagwira ntchito nthawi yayitali komanso moyenera. Kampaniyo imagogomezeranso kudalirika, nthawi zonse imayikidwa ngati imodzi mwazosankha zodalirika kwambiri kwa ogula. Kaya mukufuna mabatire a zoseweretsa, ma remote, kapena tochi, Duracell imapereka mayankho odalirika.

Chopatsa mphamvu

Chidule cha mbiri ya Energizer ndi kupezeka kwake pamsika

Kampani ya Energizer ili ndi mbiri yakale kwambiri kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Yakula kukhala yotchuka kwambiri, yodziwika bwino popanga mabatire apamwamba a alkaline. Kampaniyo imagwira ntchito m'maiko opitilira 160, zomwe zikuwonetsa kufalikira kwake padziko lonse lapansi. Kuyang'ana kwambiri kwa Energizer pakupanga zinthu zatsopano komanso kukhazikika kwathandiza kuti ikhalebe ndi udindo waukulu pakati pa opanga mabatire otsogola a alkaline.

Zinthu zazikulu ndi zatsopano

Mabatire a Energizer MAX apangidwa kuti apereke mphamvu yokhalitsa pazida zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku. Mabatire awa amateteza kutayikira kwa madzi, zomwe zimateteza chitetezo cha zida zanu. Energizer imaikanso patsogolo udindo wosamalira chilengedwe mwa kuyambitsa ma CD obwezerezedwanso komanso njira zotetezera chilengedwe. Poganizira kwambiri magwiridwe antchito ndi kukhazikika, Energizer ikupitilizabe kukwaniritsa zosowa za ogula amakono.

Panasonic

Chidule cha mbiri ya Panasonic ndi kupezeka kwake pamsika

Panasonic yadzikhazikitsa ngati mtsogoleri mumakampani opanga zamagetsi, kuphatikizapo kupanga mabatire a alkaline. Kampaniyo idakhazikitsidwa mu 1918, ndipo yapanga mbiri yabwino komanso yodalirika. Mabatire a Panasonic amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale chisankho chodziwika bwino kwa ogula omwe akufuna ukadaulo wapamwamba komanso magwiridwe antchito okhazikika.

Zinthu zazikulu ndi zatsopano

Mabatire a Evolta a Panasonic akuyimira kupita patsogolo kwakukulu muukadaulo wa mabatire a alkaline. Mabatire awa amapereka mphamvu zambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti zipangizo zanu zikugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Panasonic imayang'ananso popanga zinthu zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zosowa zamakono zamagetsi, kupereka mayankho kwa mabanja ndi mafakitale. Kudzipereka kwa kampaniyo ku khalidwe ndi zatsopano kumaipangitsa kukhala yapadera pamsika wopikisana.

Rayovac

Chidule cha mbiri ya Rayovac ndi kupezeka kwake pamsika

Rayovac yadzipangira mbiri yabwino ngati dzina lodalirika mumakampani opanga mabatire amchere. Kampaniyo inayamba ulendo wake mu 1906, ikuyang'ana kwambiri pakupereka njira zamagetsi zotsika mtengo komanso zodalirika. Kwa zaka zambiri, Rayovac yakulitsa kufikira kwake, kukhala chisankho chodalirika cha mabanja ndi mabizinesi padziko lonse lapansi. Kudzipereka kwake popereka phindu popanda kuwononga khalidwe kwapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yotchuka pakati pa ogula. Mutha kupeza zinthu za Rayovac m'maiko ambiri, zomwe zikuwonetsa kukula kwake padziko lonse lapansi.

Zinthu zazikulu ndi zatsopano

Rayovac imapereka mabatire osiyanasiyana opangidwa kuti akwaniritse zosowa zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku. Mabatire a Fusion amadziwika chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito awo apamwamba komanso mphamvu yokhalitsa. Mabatire awa ndi abwino kwambiri pazida zomwe zimafuna mphamvu zogwira ntchito nthawi zonse, monga ma tochi ndi zowongolera kutali. Rayovac imagogomezeranso kuti ndi yotsika mtengo, kuonetsetsa kuti mumapeza mabatire odalirika pamtengo wabwino. Kulinganiza bwino kwa khalidwe ndi mtengo kumapangitsa Rayovac kukhala chisankho chabwino kwa ogula omwe amasamala kwambiri za bajeti.

Opanga Ena Odziwika

Camelion Batterien GmbH (wopanga waku Germany wokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri ku Europe)

Camelion Batterien GmbH yadziwonetsa ngati wosewera wodziwika bwino pamsika wa mabatire a alkaline ku Europe. Kampaniyo yomwe ili ku Germany, imayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga mabatire apamwamba kwambiri omwe amakwaniritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Mutha kudalira Camelion pazinthu zomwe zimaphatikiza kulimba ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba. Kupezeka kwake kwakukulu ku Europe konse kukuwonetsa kudzipereka kwake kukwaniritsa zosowa zamphamvu za ogula m'derali.

Kampani ya Nanfu Battery (yomwe imapanga zinthu zatsopano ku China)

Kampani ya Nanfu Battery ili pakati pa opanga mabatire apamwamba kwambiri a alkaline ku China. Kampaniyo imaika patsogolo luso lamakono, nthawi zonse imayambitsa zinthu zomwe zimapereka magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri. Nanfu imayang'ananso pamtengo wotsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabatire ake azitha kupezeka kwa ogula osiyanasiyana. Kudzipereka kwake pakulinganiza mtengo ndi khalidwe kwathandiza kuti idziwike ku China komanso padziko lonse lapansi. Ngati mukufuna njira zodalirika komanso zotsika mtengo, Nanfu imapereka mayankho oyenera kuganizira.

GP Batteries International Limited (yodziwika bwino ku Asia yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu)

Kampani ya GP Batteries International Limited yakhala dzina lotsogola pamsika wa mabatire amchere aku Asia. Kampaniyo imapereka zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapangidwira kukwaniritsa zosowa za mabanja ndi mafakitale. GP Batteries imalimbikitsa luso lamakono, kuonetsetsa kuti mabatire ake amapereka magwiridwe antchito okhazikika komanso ogwira ntchito bwino. Kupezeka kwake kwakukulu ku Asia kukuwonetsa kuthekera kwake kusintha malinga ndi zosowa za msika wosinthika. Mutha kudalira GP Batteries kuti mupeze mayankho odalirika amagetsi ogwirizana ndi zofunikira zamakono.

Kuyerekeza Opanga Ma Battery Otsogola a Alkaline

Gawo la msika ndi kufikira padziko lonse lapansi

Mukasankha mtundu wa batri, kumvetsetsa momwe imagulidwira kumakuthandizani kupanga zisankho zolondola. Duracell ndi Energizer ndi omwe amalamulira msika wa batri wa alkaline padziko lonse lapansi. Zogulitsa zawo zimapezeka m'maiko opitilira 140 ndi 160 motsatana. Kufikira kwakukulu kumeneku kumatsimikizira kuti mutha kupeza mabatire awo kulikonse. Panasonic ilinso ndi gawo lalikulu, makamaka ku Asia ndi Europe, komwe ukadaulo wake wapamwamba umakopa ogula. Rayovac imayang'ana kwambiri pamitengo yotsika mtengo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chodziwika bwino m'madera omwe ogula amasamala kwambiri. Opanga ena monga Camelion Batterien GmbH ndi Nanfu Battery Company amapereka chithandizo kumisika inayake, monga Europe ndi China. Mitundu iyi imapereka njira zodalirika zogwirizana ndi zosowa za m'madera.

Kuchita bwino kwa malonda ndi kudalirika

Magwiridwe antchito amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri posankha mabatire a alkaline. Mabatire a Duracell Optimum amapereka mphamvu yowonjezera, kuonetsetsa kuti zipangizo zanu zikugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Mabatire a Energizer MAX amapewa kutayikira, kuteteza zida zanu pomwe amapereka mphamvu yokhalitsa. Mabatire a Panasonic a Evolta amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito awo apamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale abwino kwambiri pazida zotulutsa madzi ambiri. Mabatire a Rayovac Fusion amaphatikiza magwiridwe antchito ndi otsika mtengo, kupereka mphamvu zotuluka nthawi zonse. Opanga monga Mabatire a GP amayang'ananso kwambiri kudalirika, kupereka zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakwaniritsa zosowa zamakono zamagetsi. Poyerekeza zinthuzi, mutha kusankha mtundu womwe ukugwirizana ndi zosowa zanu.

Ntchito zokhazikika komanso zosawononga chilengedwe

Kukhazikika kwakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa opanga mabatire ambiri amchere. Energizer ikutsogolera njira yopangira ma CD obwezerezedwanso komanso njira zotetezera chilengedwe. Panasonic ikugogomezera kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe mwa kupanga zinthu zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera. Duracell yatenganso njira zowongolera kukhazikika, kuphatikizapo kuyesetsa kuchepetsa kutayika panthawi yopanga. Rayovac imagwirizanitsa kutsika mtengo ndi udindo wa chilengedwe, kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zake zikugwirizana ndi miyezo yamakono. Makampani mongaMabatire a Nanfu ndi GPPitirizani kupanga zinthu zatsopano, ndikuyambitsa mayankho omwe akugwirizana ndi zolinga zokhazikika padziko lonse lapansi. Mwa kuthandizira makampani omwe ali ndi njira zosamalira chilengedwe, mumathandizira kuti tsogolo likhale lokongola.

Zochitika mu Makampani Ogulitsa Mabatire a Alkaline

Zatsopano muukadaulo wa batri

Ukadaulo wa mabatire a alkaline ukupitirirabe kusintha, zomwe zimakupatsani magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino. Opanga tsopano akuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga mabatire okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zida zanu zimatha kugwira ntchito nthawi yayitali popanda kusinthidwa pafupipafupi. Mwachitsanzo, mabatire apamwamba a alkaline monga Panasonic's Evolta ndi Duracell Optimum amapereka mphamvu yapamwamba kwambiri pazida zotulutsa madzi ambiri.

Chinthu china chosangalatsa ndi kupanga mapangidwe osatulutsa madzi. Zatsopanozi zimateteza zida zanu kuti zisawonongeke, kuonetsetsa kuti zili zotetezeka komanso zodalirika. Makampani ena amagwiritsanso ntchito ukadaulo wanzeru m'mabatire awo. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wowunika moyo wa batri ndi magwiridwe antchito kudzera muzipangizo zolumikizidwa. Cholinga cha izi ndikuwonjezera luso lanu pokupatsani mwayi komanso kudalirika.

Kuyang'ana kwambiri pa kukhazikika kwa zinthu

Kusunga nthawi kwakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri mumakampani opanga mabatire amchere. Makampani tsopano akugwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezera chilengedwe kuti achepetse kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, Energizer imagwiritsa ntchito ma CD obwezerezedwanso, kukuthandizani kusankha zinthu zobiriwira. Panasonic imayang'ana kwambiri njira zopangira zosawononga mphamvu zambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu siziwonongeka kwambiri popanga.

Opanga ambiri amafufuzanso njira zopangira mabatire okhala ndi zinthu zochepa zovulaza. Izi zimachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mabatire omwe amatayidwa. Makampani ena amalimbikitsa mapulogalamu obwezeretsanso zinthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kutaya mabatire ogwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Mwa kuthandizira njirazi, mumathandizira kuti tsogolo likhale loyera komanso lokhazikika.

Zotsatira za kufunikira kwa dziko lonse ndi mpikisano

Kufunika kwakukulu kwa mabatire a alkaline kumabweretsa mpikisano waukulu pakati pa opanga. Pamene zipangizo zambiri zimadalira mphamvu yonyamulika, mumapindula ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zosankha. Makampani amapikisana kuti apereke magwiridwe antchito abwino, otsika mtengo, komanso okhazikika. Mpikisano uwu umalimbikitsa makampani kuti apange zatsopano ndikukweza zinthu zawo.

Malo opangira zinthu padziko lonse lapansi, monga China ndi Japan, amachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukwaniritsa zosowa za makasitomala. Madera awa ndi omwe akutsogolera pakupanga zinthu, zomwe zimaonetsetsa kuti muli ndi mabatire odalirika padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, mpikisano wowonjezereka umavutitsanso opanga ang'onoang'ono. Ayenera kupeza njira zosiyanitsira zinthu zawo kuti zikhale zofunikira pamsika. Kwa inu, izi zikutanthauza kusankha zambiri komanso phindu labwino pamene makampani akuyesetsa kukwaniritsa zosowa zanu.

Opanga mabatire otsogola a alkaline amachita gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuyendetsa zida zanu zatsiku ndi tsiku. Makampani monga Duracell, Energizer, Panasonic, ndi Rayovac akupitilizabe kukhazikitsa miyezo ndi zinthu zawo zatsopano komanso kufikira padziko lonse lapansi. Kuyang'ana kwawo pakukhazikika kumatsimikizira tsogolo labwino komanso kukwaniritsa zosowa zanu zamagetsi. Kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wa mabatire kumalonjeza magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso magwiridwe antchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa makampani. Pamene kufunikira kukukwera, mutha kuyembekezera njira zodalirika, zosawononga chilengedwe, komanso zotsika mtengo. Mukamvetsetsa izi, mumakhala odziwa zambiri za dziko lomwe likusintha la mabatire a alkaline.

FAQ

Kodi mabatire a alkaline ndi chiyani, ndipo amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Mabatire a alkalindi mtundu wa batire yotayidwa yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zinc ndi manganese dioxide ngati ma electrode. Amapanga mphamvu kudzera mu reaction ya mankhwala pakati pa zinthuzi ndi alkaline electrolyte, nthawi zambiri potaziyamu hydroxide. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ziziyenda bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo za tsiku ndi tsiku monga zowongolera kutali, ma tochi, ndi zoseweretsa.

Kodi mabatire a alkaline nthawi zambiri amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Moyo wa mabatire a alkaline umadalira chipangizocho ndi momwe chimagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zake. Mu zipangizo zotulutsa madzi ochepa monga mawotchi kapena zowongolera kutali, zimatha kukhala miyezi ingapo mpaka chaka chimodzi. Mu zipangizo zotulutsa madzi ambiri monga makamera kapena zowongolera masewera, moyo wawo ukhoza kukhala kuyambira maola ochepa mpaka milungu ingapo. Nthawi zonse yang'anani zomwe wopangayo wanena kuti mupeze ziwerengero zolondola.

Kodi mabatire a alkaline amatha kuwonjezeredwanso?

Mabatire ambiri a alkaline sanapangidwe kuti azitha kubwezeretsanso mphamvu. Kuyesa kuwabwezeretsanso mphamvu kungayambitse kutuluka kwa madzi kapena kuwonongeka. Komabe, opanga ena amapanga mabatire a alkaline omwe amatha kubwezeretsanso mphamvu. Awa amapangidwa makamaka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndipo amafunikira ma charger oyenerana nawo. Ngati mukufuna njira zina zobwezeretsanso mphamvu, ganizirani mabatire a alkaline kapena lithiamu-ion omwe amatha kubwezeretsanso mphamvu.

Kodi ndiyenera kutaya bwanji mabatire a alkaline omwe ndagwiritsa ntchito kale?

Muyenera kutsatira malamulo am'deralo okhudza kutaya mabatire. M'madera ambiri, mabatire a alkaline amatha kutayidwa bwino m'zinyalala zapakhomo chifukwa alibe mercury. Komabe, mapulogalamu obwezeretsanso zinthu amapezeka m'madera ena. Kubwezeretsanso zinthu kumathandiza kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe mwa kupeza zinthu zamtengo wapatali. Funsani akuluakulu oyang'anira zinyalala m'dera lanu kuti akuthandizeni.

Kodi n’chiyani chimasiyanitsa mabatire a alkaline ndi mabatire ena?

Mabatire a alkaline amasiyana ndi mitundu ina monga mabatire a lithiamu-ion kapena nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) m'njira zingapo. Ndi otayidwa, otsika mtengo, komanso amapezeka paliponse. Mabatire a alkaline amapereka mphamvu yokhazikika pazida zotulutsa madzi zochepa mpaka zapakati. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mabatire a lithiamu-ion ndi NiMH amatha kuchajidwanso ndipo ndi oyenera kwambiri pazida zotulutsa madzi ambiri.

Kodi mabatire a alkaline angatuluke, ndipo ndingapewe bwanji izi?

Inde, mabatire a alkaline amatha kutuluka ngati asiyidwa mu zipangizo kwa nthawi yayitali, makamaka akatulutsidwa kwathunthu. Kutuluka madzi kumachitika pamene electrolyte mkati mwa batire ikutuluka, zomwe zingawononge chipangizo chanu. Kuti mupewe kutuluka madzi, chotsani mabatire pa zipangizo zomwe simugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse. Sungani pamalo ozizira komanso ouma ndipo muwabwezeretse asanafike nthawi yogwira ntchito.

Kodi mabatire a alkaline ndi otetezeka kwa ana?

Mabatire a alkaline nthawi zambiri amakhala otetezeka akagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Komabe, amatha kukhala ndi zoopsa ngati atamezedwa kapena kusamalidwa bwino. Sungani mabatire kutali ndi ana ndipo onetsetsani kuti zipinda za mabatire zili zotetezeka. Ngati mwana wameza batire, funsani thandizo lachipatala nthawi yomweyo. Nthawi zonse tsatirani malangizo achitetezo omwe aperekedwa ndi wopanga.

Kodi mabatire a alkaline amagwira ntchito bwino kutentha kwambiri?

Mabatire a alkaline amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kutentha kwa chipinda. Kuzizira kwambiri kungachepetse mphamvu zawo, pomwe kutentha kwambiri kungayambitse kutuluka kwa madzi kapena kufupikitsa nthawi yawo yogwira ntchito. Ngati mukufuna mabatire omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu, ganizirani mabatire a lithiamu. Amagwira ntchito bwino kutentha kwambiri komanso kotsika.

Kodi ndingasankhe bwanji batire yoyenera ya alkaline?

Kuti musankhe mtundu woyenera, ganizirani zinthu monga magwiridwe antchito, kudalirika, ndi mtengo. Makampani otsogola monga Duracell, Energizer, Panasonic, ndi Rayovac amapereka njira zabwino kwambiri. Yerekezerani zinthu monga kukana kutuluka kwa madzi, moyo wautali, komanso njira zotetezera chilengedwe. Kuwerenga ndemanga ndikuwona zomwe zafotokozedwa mu malonda kungakuthandizeninso kupanga chisankho chodziwa bwino.

N’chifukwa chiyani mabatire ena amchere amalembedwa kuti “premium” kapena “high-performance”?

Zolemba za "premium" kapena "high-performance" zimasonyeza kuti mabatirewa adapangidwa kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali. Mabatirewa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba kuti apereke magwiridwe antchito abwino pazida zotulutsa madzi ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, Duracell Optimum ndi Energizer MAX zimagulitsidwa ngati zosankha zapamwamba kwambiri. Amapereka mphamvu zokhalitsa komanso zinthu zina monga kukana kutuluka kwa madzi.