Mabatire a alkaline ndi zinc carbon akuwonetsa kusiyana kwakukulu pa magwiridwe antchito, pomwe mabatire a alkaline amapereka mphamvu zambiri zomwe zimakhala zochepa kwambiri.Nthawi 4 mpaka 5kuposa mabatire a zinc-carbon. Izi zimapangitsa mabatire a alkaline kukhala abwino kwambiri pazida zotulutsa madzi ambiri monga makamera kapena zowongolera masewera. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mabatire a zinc-carbon amapereka njira yotsika mtengo pazida zotulutsa madzi zochepa monga zowongolera kutali kapena mawotchi. Kusankha pakati pa batire ya alkaline ndi zinc carbon pamapeto pake kumadalira zosowa za mphamvu za chipangizo chanu komanso kuchuluka kwa momwe chimagwiritsidwira ntchito. Pakugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi, mabatire a alkaline amakhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wodalirika, pomwe nthawi zina, mabatire a zinc-carbon amapereka yankho lotsika mtengo.

Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri

• Mabatire a alkaline amapereka mphamvu zambiri kuwirikiza kanayi kapena kasanu kuposa mabatire a zinc-carbon, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale abwino kwambiri pazida zotulutsa madzi ambiri monga makamera ndi zida zowongolera masewera.
• Mabatire a zinc-carbon ndi njira yabwino kwambiri pa zipangizo zotulutsa madzi ochepa monga zowongolera kutali ndi mawotchi apakhoma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yotsika mtengo nthawi zina.
• Pazida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi, mabatire a alkaline ndi odalirika kwambiri chifukwa cha moyo wawo wautali komanso kuchepa kwa mphamvu, zomwe zimachepetsa kufunika kosintha pafupipafupi.
• Nthawi zonse gwirizanitsani mtundu wa batri ndi mphamvu zomwe chipangizo chanu chikufuna kuti chigwire ntchito bwino komanso kupewa zotsatira zoyipa.
• Mabatire a alkaline nthawi zambiri amakhala osamala kwambiri ndi chilengedwe, chifukwa alibe zitsulo zolemera zoopsa ndipo ndi osavuta kutaya mosamala.
• Sungani mabatire pamalo ozizira komanso ouma kuti azitha kugwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti azitha kugwira ntchito bwino, ndipo nthawi zonse yang'anani masiku otha ntchito musanagwiritse ntchito.
• Ganizirani bajeti yanu ndi kuchuluka kwa momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito posankha pakati pa mabatire a alkaline ndi zinc-carbon kuti muyeretse mtengo ndi magwiridwe antchito moyenera.

Kusiyana Kwakukulu mu Batri ya Alkaline vs Zinc Carbon

Kuchuluka kwa Mphamvu ndi Moyo Wathunthu

Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumachita gawo lofunika kwambiri podziwa nthawi yomwe batire ingathe kugwiritsira ntchito chipangizocho. Mabatire a alkaline ndi abwino kwambiri pankhaniyi, ndipo amaperekaNthawi 4 mpaka 5mphamvu ya mabatire a zinc-carbon. Mphamvu ya mabatire amenewa imalola mabatire a alkaline kukhala nthawi yayitali, makamaka m'zida zotulutsa madzi ambiri monga makamera a digito kapena zowongolera masewera. Mabatire a zinc-carbon, kumbali ina, amakhala ndi moyo waufupi chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zochepa. Amagwira ntchito bwino m'zida zotulutsa madzi zochepa monga zowongolera kutali kapena mawotchi apakhoma.

Moyo wamabatire a alkalineAmapindulanso chifukwa cha kuchepa kwawo pang'onopang'ono. Ngakhale akasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, amasunga mphamvu zawo bwino kuposa mabatire a zinc-carbon. Izi zimapangitsa mabatire a alkaline kukhala chisankho chodalirika kwambiri pazida zomwe zimafuna kugwira ntchito nthawi zonse pakapita nthawi.

Mtengo ndi Kuthekera Kotsika Mtengo

Ponena za mtengo, mabatire a zinc-carbon ndi omwe amatsogola. Ndi otsika mtengo komanso opezeka paliponse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale njira yosangalatsa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amasamala ndalama. Pazida zomwe sizifuna mphamvu zambiri, mabatire a zinc-carbon amapereka njira yotsika mtengo.

Mabatire a alkaline, ngakhale okwera mtengo kwambiri, amatsimikizira mtengo wawo ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso moyo wautali. Mtengo wawo wokwera woyambira nthawi zambiri umakhala wofanana pakapita nthawi, chifukwa amafunika kusinthidwa pafupipafupi poyerekeza ndi mabatire a zinc-carbon. Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amaika patsogolo mtengo wa nthawi yayitali, mabatire a alkaline amapereka phindu labwino pa ndalama zomwe ayika.

Ntchito ndi Milandu Yogwiritsira Ntchito

Kusankha pakati pa batire ya alkaline ndi zinc carbon kumadalira kwambiri momwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito. Mabatire a alkaline amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pazida zotulutsa madzi ambiri. Zipangizo monga ma wailesi onyamulika, ma tochi, ndi zoseweretsa zimapindula ndi mphamvu zomwe mabatire a alkaline amapereka nthawi zonse. Kusinthasintha kwawo kumawapangitsanso kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Komabe, mabatire a zinc-carbon amawala kwambiri akagwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta. Zipangizo monga ma remote a TV, mawotchi apakhoma, ndi zida zosavuta zapakhomo zimagwira ntchito bwino ndi mabatire a zinc-carbon. Nthawi zina, mabatire awa amapereka njira yothandiza komanso yotsika mtengo.

Malangizo a Akatswiri: Nthawi zonse gwirizanitsani mtundu wa batri ndi mphamvu zomwe chipangizo chanu chimafunikira. Kugwiritsa ntchito batri yolakwika kungayambitse kugwira ntchito molakwika kapena kusinthidwa pafupipafupi.

Kuyerekeza kwa Magwiridwe Antchito a Batri ya Alkaline vs Zinc Carbon

Makhalidwe Otulutsa

Makhalidwe a batire otulutsa mphamvu amatsimikiza momwe imaperekera mphamvu bwino pakapita nthawi. Mabatire a alkaline amasunga mphamvu yokhazikika, ngakhale atakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zotulutsa mphamvu. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwambiri pazida monga tochi kapena ma wailesi onyamulika omwe amafunikira mphamvu nthawi zonse. Komabe, mabatire a zinc-carbon amatsika pang'onopang'ono mphamvu yamagetsi akamatulutsa mphamvu. Izi zimachepetsa mphamvu yawo pazida zotulutsa mphamvu zambiri koma zimagwira ntchito bwino pazida zotulutsa mphamvu zochepa monga zowongolera zakutali.

Mabatire a alkaline amathanso kutulutsa mphamvu zambiri kuposa mabatire a zinc-carbon. Kapangidwe ka mankhwala kawo kamawathandiza kuti azigwira ntchito bwino popanda kutsika kwa mphamvu zambiri. Mabatire a zinc-carbon, kumbali ina, amavutika ndi kufunikira kwa mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zingayambitse kuchepa kwa mphamvu mwachangu komanso kuchepa kwa mphamvu.

Kulekerera Kutentha

Kupirira kutentha kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa batri, makamaka m'malo ovuta kwambiri. Mabatire a alkaline amagwira ntchito bwino pa kutentha kwakukulu. Amagwira ntchito bwino m'malo ozizira komanso otentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito panja monga nyali zoyendera m'misasa kapena zowunikira nyengo. Komabe, mabatire a zinc-carbon amasonyeza kuchepa kwa ntchito m'malo otentha kwambiri. Nyengo yozizira ingayambitse kutaya mphamvu, pomwe kutentha kwambiri kungachedwetse kuwonongeka kwawo.

Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito m'madera omwe kutentha kumasinthasintha, mabatire a alkaline amapereka njira yodalirika kwambiri. Kutha kwawo kupirira nyengo zovuta kumatsimikizira kuti amagwira ntchito nthawi zonse, mosasamala kanthu za chilengedwe.

Moyo wa Shelufu

Mashelufu a nthawi yomwe batire imasunga mphamvu yake ikakhala kuti sikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mabatire a alkaline ndi abwino kwambiri pankhaniyi, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo kocheperako komwe amadzitulutsa okha. Amatha kukhalabe ogwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri akasungidwa bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale chisankho chodalirika cha zida zadzidzidzi kapena zida zomwe sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mabatire a zinc-carbon amakhala ndi nthawi yochepa yogwiritsira ntchito. Kuchuluka kwawo kochulukira kwa madzi kumatanthauza kuti amataya mphamvu mwachangu, ngakhale atagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Malo abwino osungira zinthu amatha kutalikitsa nthawi yosungiramo zinthu za mitundu yonse iwiri. Kusunga mabatire pamalo ozizira komanso ouma kumathandiza kuchepetsa kutulutsa madzi okha komanso kusunga mphamvu zawo. Komabe, pa zosowa zosungiramo zinthu kwa nthawi yayitali, mabatire a alkaline amagwira ntchito bwino kuposa mabatire a zinc-carbon.

Malangizo Achangu: Nthawi zonse onani tsiku lotha ntchito pa phukusi la batri. Kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire omwe atha ntchito kungayambitse kusagwira bwino ntchito kapena kutayikira kwa madzi.

Zotsatira Zachilengedwe ndi Chitetezo cha Batri ya Alkaline vs Zinc Carbon

Zoganizira Zachilengedwe

Kukhudzidwa kwa mabatire ndi chilengedwe kumadalira kapangidwe kake ndi njira zotayira. Mabatire a alkaline nthawi zambiri amakhala pachiwopsezo chochepa ku chilengedwe. Alibe zitsulo zolemera monga mercury kapena cadmium, zomwe nthawi zina zimapezeka mu mitundu ina ya zinc-carbon. Izi zimapangitsa mabatire a alkaline kukhala njira yotetezeka yotayira poyerekeza ndi mitundu yakale ya mabatire.

Komabe, kutaya mabatire molakwika kudakali vuto lalikulu. Mabatire akapezeka m'malo otayira zinyalala, poizoni amatha kulowa m'nthaka ndi m'madzi. Kuthamanga kumeneku kumatha kuvulaza nyama ndi anthu ngati kuipitsa mitsinje yamadzi. Kubwezeretsanso mabatire kumatha kuchepetsa zoopsazi. Kafukufuku akugogomezera kufunika kobwezeretsanso mabatire otayira kuti chitukuko chikhale chokhazikika. Kubwezeretsanso mabatire sikungochepetsa kuipitsa chilengedwe komanso kumasunga zinthu zofunika.

Kodi mumadziwa?Mabatire a alkaline ndi osavuta kutaya mosamala chifukwa amaonedwa ngati zinyalala zopanda ngozi m'madera ambiri. Komabe, kuwabwezeretsanso akadali njira yabwino kwambiri yochepetsera kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.

Nkhawa za Chitetezo

Chitetezo cha mabatire chimapitirira kuganizira za chilengedwe. Mabatire a alkaline amapangidwa poganizira za chitetezo. Satulutsa zinthu zoopsa nthawi zambiri akagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kusungidwa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti akhale chisankho chodalirika cha mabanja, makamaka omwe ali ndi ana kapena ziweto. Mabatire a zinc-carbon, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amakhala otetezeka, amatha kutulutsa madzi pafupipafupi ngati asiyidwa osagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kusungidwa molakwika.

Kusamalira ndi kusunga bwino mabatire kungalepheretse ngozi. Kusunga mabatire pamalo ozizira komanso ouma kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha kutuluka kapena kuwonongeka. Pewani kusakaniza mabatire akale ndi atsopano mu chipangizo chimodzi, chifukwa izi zingayambitse kutentha kwambiri kapena kutuluka.

Langizo Lachidule:Nthawi zonse tayani mabatire kumalo ogwiritsidwa ntchito omwe adasankhidwa. Izi zimathandizira kuti ntchito yobwezeretsa zinthu iyende bwino komanso kupewa kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe.

Kusankha Batri Yoyenera: Batri ya Alkaline vs Zinc Carbon

Malangizo Otengera Mtundu wa Chipangizo

Kusankha batire yoyenera kumadalira kwambiri mtundu wa chipangizo chomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito. Zipangizo zomwe zimafuna mphamvu zambiri, monga makamera, zowongolera masewera, kapena mawayilesi onyamulika, zimapindula kwambiri ndi mabatire a alkaline. Mabatire awa amapereka mphamvu nthawi zonse ndipo amatha kunyamula madzi ambiri moyenera. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zonse ndimadalira mabatire a alkaline kuti ndigwiritse ntchito tochi yanga paulendo wanga wopita kukampu chifukwa amapereka kuwala kokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kumbali inayi, mabatire a zinc-carbon amagwira ntchito bwino pazida zomwe sizitulutsa madzi ambiri. Zinthu monga zowongolera kutali, mawotchi apakhoma, kapena zida zosavuta zapakhomo zimagwira ntchito bwino ndi mabatire awa. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo nthawi zina, monga chowongolera TV chowonjezera, mabatire a zinc-carbon amapereka njira yothandiza komanso yotsika mtengo. Kugwirizanitsa mtundu wa batire ndi chipangizo chanu kumatsimikizira kuti chimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri ndipo kumachepetsa kufunika kosintha pafupipafupi.

Malangizo Achangu: Nthawi zonse yang'anani mphamvu zomwe chipangizo chanu chikufuna musanasankhe batire. Kugwiritsa ntchito batire yolakwika kungayambitse kusagwira bwino ntchito kapena kufupika kwa nthawi ya batire.

Bajeti ndi Kuchuluka kwa Kagwiritsidwe Ntchito

Bajeti imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri posankha pakati pa mabatire a alkaline ndi zinc-carbon. Ngati muika patsogolo mtengo, mabatire a zinc-carbon ndi abwino kwambiri. Amawononga ndalama zochepa pasadakhale ndipo amafanana ndi zipangizo zomwe sizifuna mphamvu zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri ndimagwiritsa ntchito mabatire a zinc-carbon pa wotchi yanga yapakhoma chifukwa amagwira ntchito bwino popanda kufunikira kusinthidwa pafupipafupi.

Komabe, ngati mukufuna mabatire a alkaline omwe ndi amtengo wapatali kwa nthawi yayitali, ndi ofunika kuwayika. Moyo wawo wautali komanso mphamvu zambiri zimapangitsa kuti asamasinthidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mtengo wokwera poyamba. Pazida zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi, monga zowongolera masewera kapena zokamba zonyamulika, mabatire a alkaline amasunga ndalama pakapita nthawi pochepetsa kufunikira kosintha nthawi zonse.

Kuchuluka kwa momwe mabatire amagwiritsidwira ntchito n'kofunika. Mabatire a alkaline ndi abwino kwambiri pazida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku kapena kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuchuluka kwawo kocheperako komwe kumadzitulutsa kumatsimikizira kuti amagwira ntchito bwino ngakhale atasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Mabatire a zinc-carbon, omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali, amafanana ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina kapena kwa nthawi yochepa.

Malangizo a AkatswiriGanizirani kangati momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito chipangizo chanu ndi bajeti yanu posankha pakati pa batire ya alkaline ndi zinc carbon. Njira iyi imakuthandizani kuti muwongolere mtengo ndi magwiridwe antchito moyenera.

Kusankha pakati pa batire ya alkaline ndi batire ya zinc carbon kumadalira zosowa zanu. Mabatire a alkaline ndi abwino kwambiri pazida zotulutsira madzi ambiri monga makamera kapena zowongolera masewera. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zawo, nthawi yayitali yosungiramo madzi, komanso magwiridwe antchito odalirika zimapangitsa kuti akhale chisankho chodalirika chogwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi. Komabe, mabatire a zinc-carbon amapereka njira yotsika mtengo pazida zotulutsira madzi zochepa monga zowongolera kutali kapena mawotchi. Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amasamala za chilengedwe, mabatire a alkaline ndi otchuka chifukwa cha kutayidwa kwawo kotetezeka komanso chiopsezo chotsika cha kutayikira. Nthawi zonse ganizirani mtundu wa chipangizo chanu, kuchuluka kwa momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito, komanso bajeti kuti mupange chisankho chabwino.

FAQ

Kodi ndingagwiritse ntchito mabatire a carbon-zinc m'malo mwa a alkaline?

Inde, mungagwiritse ntchitomabatire a kaboni-zinkim'malo mwa mabatire a alkaline, koma si abwino. Mabatire a alkaline amapereka mphamvu zambiri ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali, makamaka m'zida zotulutsa madzi ambiri. Mabatire a carbon-zinc amagwira ntchito bwino pazida zotulutsa madzi zochepa monga mawotchi kapena zowongolera zakutali. Kuti mupeze njira yokhazikika, ganizirani mabatire a lithiamu omwe amatha kubwezeretsedwanso, omwe amakhala ndi moyo wautali komanso osawononga chilengedwe.

Kodi ndiyenera kusunga bwanji mabatire anga osagwiritsidwa ntchito?

Sungani mabatire osagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo ozizira komanso ouma kuti apitirize kugwira ntchito bwino. Pewani kuwayika pamalo otentha kwambiri kapena chinyezi, chifukwa izi zingayambitse kutuluka kwa madzi kapena kuchepetsa nthawi yawo yogwira ntchito. Sungani mabatire m'mabokosi awo oyambirira kapena m'bokosi la batri kuti musakhudze zinthu zachitsulo, zomwe zingayambitse ma short circuits.

Kodi ndingagwiritse ntchito mabatire a alkaline m'malo mwa a carbon-zinc?

Inde, mabatire a alkaline amatha kulowa m'malo mwa mabatire a carbon-zinc m'zida zambiri. Mabatire a alkaline amapereka mphamvu zambiri komanso moyo wautali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zotulutsa madzi ambiri monga makamera kapena zoseweretsa. Komabe, mabatire a carbon-zinc akadali chisankho chotsika mtengo pazida zotulutsa madzi zochepa monga mawotchi apakhoma kapena ma remote a TV.

Kodi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mabatire a carbon-zinc ndi alkaline ndi kotani?

Kusiyana kwakukulu kuli mu kapangidwe ka mankhwala awo. Mabatire a kaboni-zinc amagwiritsa ntchito ma electrolyte a zinc chloride, pomwe mabatire a alkaline amadalira potaziyamu hydroxide. Kusiyana kumeneku kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito awo. Mabatire a alkaline amakhala nthawi yayitali ndipo amagwira bwino ntchito ndi zida zotulutsa madzi ambiri, pomwe mabatire a kaboni-zinc amayenerera zida zamagetsi zochepa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa.

N’chifukwa chiyani mabatire a alkaline amalimbikitsidwa kuposa mabatire a carbon-zinc?

Mabatire a alkaline amagwira ntchito bwino kuposa mabatire a carbon-zinc pa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, moyo wautali, komanso kudalirika. Amapereka mphamvu zokwana kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa mabatire a carbon-zinc ndipo amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kutentha kwambiri. Zipangizo monga zometera zamagetsi, makamera, ndi maburashi a mano zimapindula kwambiri ndi mabatire a alkaline. Ngakhale kuti ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, kulimba kwawo ndi magwiridwe antchito ake zimakwaniritsa mtengo wake.

Kodi mabatire a alkaline ndi carbon-zinc amafanana bwanji?

Mabatire a alkaline ndi abwino kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, moyo wautali, komanso kusamala chilengedwe. Amagwirizana ndi zipangizo zotulutsa madzi ambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Mabatire a carbon-zinc, kumbali ina, ndi otsika mtengo ndipo amagwira ntchito bwino pazida zotulutsa madzi ochepa. Mitundu yonse iwiri ili ndi malo awo, koma kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo kwapangitsa mabatire a alkaline kukhala otchuka kwambiri pakati pa ogula.

Kodi kuyerekeza kwa mphamvu pakati pa alkaline ndimabatire a zinki-kaboni?

Mabatire a alkaline ali ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa mabatire a zinc-carbon. Amatha kupirira kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwambiri komanso amakhala nthawi yayitali, ngakhale akasungidwa. Komabe, mabatire a zinc-carbon amatha kutuluka ndipo amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pazida zamagetsi zochepa. Pazida zomwe zimafunikira mphamvu nthawi zonse, mabatire a alkaline ndiye chisankho chabwino kwambiri.

Kodi mabatire a alkaline ndi abwino kwambiri pa chilengedwe kuposa mabatire a carbon-zinc?

Inde, mabatire a alkaline nthawi zambiri amakhala ochezeka ku chilengedwe. Alibe zitsulo zolemera zoopsa monga mercury kapena cadmium, zomwe nthawi zina zimapezeka m'mitundu yakale ya carbon-zinc. Komabe, kutaya moyenera ndi kubwezeretsanso mabatire amitundu yonse iwiri ndikofunikira kuti tichepetse kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.

Kodi kutentha kwambiri kungakhudze momwe batire imagwirira ntchito?

Inde, kutentha kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa batri. Mabatire a alkaline amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri m'malo otentha komanso ozizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale abwino kwambiri pazida zakunja monga nyali za msasa. Komabe, mabatire a carbon-zinc amataya mphamvu m'malo otentha kwambiri. Nyengo yozizira imachepetsa mphamvu zawo, pomwe kutentha kumawonjezera kuwonongeka kwawo.

Kodi ndingatani kuti ndiwonjezere moyo wa mabatire anga?

Kuti batire lizigwira ntchito nthawi yayitali, gwiritsani ntchito mtundu woyenera wa chipangizo chanu. Sungani mabatire pamalo ozizira komanso ouma ndipo pewani kusakaniza akale ndi atsopano mu chipangizo chomwecho. Chotsani mabatire pazida zomwe sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Kutsatira njira izi kumatsimikizira kuti batire limagwira ntchito bwino komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kutuluka kwa madzi.